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Schodt, one of the early translators of manga and the author of “Manga! Manga!: The World of Japanese Comics,” a groundbreaking work in the field of manga studies. Striking the right balance is tricky, said Frederik L. When should they cater to American audiences? And when should they be more concerned about being faithful to the Japanese originals? has been one of fits and starts, as publishers grappled with questions about how to present it to fans outside of Japan. The history of manga translation in the U.S. and is published in something close to its original form: in black and white, on inexpensive paper stock, to be read in the Japanese style. Today manga is enormously popular in the U.S. It requires taking into account not only art and visual concepts that are unique to Japanese, but also an entirely different system of reading. in the 1980s, American companies have wrestled with how to adapt the genre for their readers. Since manga was first introduced to the U.S.
